Structural fuse with integral spacer plates

ABSTRACT

A structural fuse is disclosed including a fuse base and a fuse plate extending from the fuse base. The fuse plate may include a reduced diameter yield section configured to yield at loads on the structural fuse above a threshold. The reduced diameter yield section includes a pair of slots on either side of the yield section, which slots receive a pair of spacers. The spacers are integrally formed as part of the fuse plate, and remain attached to the fuse plate during fabrication of the structural fuse.

BACKGROUND

Structural fuses are known for use in homes, buildings and otherstructures for dissipating stresses in the structural connections andframes upon seismic, wind or other loads on the structures. For example,the Yield-Link® structural fuse from Simpson Strong-Tie, Pleasanton,Calif., may be used at a connection of a beam to a column so that, whenloads on the structural connection reach a threshold, the structuralfuse yields to dissipate energy without damage to the beam or column.Thereafter, the damaged structural fuse may be removed and replacedwithout having to otherwise repair the connection.

A typical structural fuse includes a base and a plate weldedorthogonally to the base. The plate may include a midsection having asmall diameter as compared to the ends of the plate, the midsectiondesigned to be the area where yielding occurs. In use, the base may bebolted to a column. The plate may have a surface lying adjacent to thebeam, with an end of the plate, opposite the base, bolted to the beam. Aplanar buckling restraint plate (BRP) may overlie the reduced diametermidsection, on a second surface of the plate, opposite the first surfacefacing the beam. The BRP may be bolted into the beam to sandwich theplate in place and prevent buckling of the plate under compressiveloads. Spacers may thereafter be placed in the slots defined by thesmaller diameter midsection of the yield plate to evenly distributeloads on the plate and the BRP, when the BRP is bolted to the beam. Itis important that these spacers match the plate in thickness, grain andother properties to ensure even load distribution on the plate and BRPduring seismic and other loads on the structural fuse.

SUMMARY

The present technology relates to a structural fuse configured to bemounted between a column and beam used in homes, buildings and otherstructures. The structural fuse includes a fuse base and a fuse plateextending from the fuse base. The fuse plate may include a reduceddiameter yield section configured to yield at loads on the structuralfuse above a threshold. The reduced diameter yield section includes apair of slots on either side of the yield section, which slots receive apair of spacers. In accordance with aspects of the present technology,the spacers are integrally formed as part of the fuse plate, and remainattached to the fuse plate during fabrication of the structural fuse.

In one example, the present technology relates to a structural fuse foruse in affixing first and second structural members to each other, thestructural fuse comprising: a fuse base configured to be affixed to thefirst structural member; a fuse plate configured to be affixed to thesecond structural member, the fuse plate comprising: a proximal sectionat a first end of the fuse plate adjacent the fuse base, a distalsection at a second end of the fuse plate opposite the first end, and ayield section between the proximal and distal sections, the yieldsection having first and second edges defining a reduced width relativeto a width between edges of the proximal and distal sections, and theyield section configured to yield; and first and second spacersintegrally attached to the fuse plate, the first spacer positionedadjacent the first edge of the yield section, and the second spacerpositioned adjacent the second edge of the yield section.

In another example, the present technology relates to a structural fuseassembly for use in affixing first and second structural members to eachother, the structural fuse comprising: a fuse base configured to beaffixed to the first structural member; a fuse plate configured to beaffixed to the second structural member, the fuse plate comprising: aproximal section at a first end of the fuse plate adjacent the fusebase, a distal section at a second end of the fuse plate opposite thefirst end, and a yield section between the proximal and distal sections,the yield section having first and second edges defining a reduced widthrelative to a width between edges of the proximal and distal sections,and the yield section configured to yield; first and second spacersintegrally attached to the fuse plate, the first spacer positionedadjacent the first edge of the yield section, and the second spacerpositioned adjacent the second edge of the yield section, wherein eachof the first and second spacers comprising a set of one or more holes; abuckling restraint plate configured to cover the yield section andsandwich the yield section between the buckling restraint plate andsecond structural member to resist buckling of the yield section,wherein fasteners extend through the buckling restraint plate, throughthe one or more holes in the first and second spacers and into thesecond structural member.

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementationsthat solve any or all disadvantages noted in the Background.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for fabricating a structural fuseaccording to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 2 shows a section of a beam from which multiple structural fusesmay be fabricated according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show cross-sectional views of different configurations ofa beam from which a structural fuse according to the present technologymay be fabricated.

FIG. 5 shows a section of a beam from which a structural fuse accordingto embodiments of the present technology may be fabricated.

FIG. 6 illustrates the beam of FIG. 5 severed into discrete sectionsforming the structural fuse and buckling restraint plate.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing holes formed in the severed blankof FIG. 6 according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a completed structural fuse according toembodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 9 is a top view of a completed structural fuse including labeleddimensions according to embodiments of the present technology.

FIG. 10 is a top view of a completed structural fuse according to analternative embodiment of the present technology.

FIG. 11 is a top view of a completed structural fuse according to afurther alternative embodiment of the present technology.

FIG. 12 shows a pair of structural fuses according to embodiments of thepresent technology used at a connection between a beam and column in astructure.

FIG. 13 shows an exploded perspective view of one of the structuralfuses of FIG. 12.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present technology, roughly described, relates to a structural fuseconfigured to be mounted between a column and beam used in homes,buildings and other structures. The structural fuse includes a fuse baseconfigured to be mounted to the column, and a fuse plate extending fromthe base and configured to be mounted to the beam. The fuse plate mayinclude a proximal section adjacent the fuse base, and a distal sectionfor affixing the fuse plate to the beam. A reduced diameter yieldsection is provided between the proximal and distal sections. The yieldsection is configured to yield at loads on the structural fuse above athreshold. The reduced diameter yield section includes a pair of slotson either side of the yield section, which slots receive a pair ofspacers. In accordance with aspects of the present technology, thespacers are integrally formed as part of the fuse plate, and remainattached to the fuse plate, for example at the distal end of the fuseplate adjacent the yield plate.

Forming some the spacers integrally with the fuse plate provides severaladvantages. First, it is important that the spacers be the samethickness as the fuse plate to within a tight tolerance. Forming thespacers and the fuse plate from the same web and leaving the spacersattached ensures this tight tolerance is met. Second, when steel isheated in a certain way, a grain of the steel may align to polar north.Forming the fuse plate and spacers integrally with each other ensuresthe grain of the fuse plate and spacers are aligned, which in turnensures uniform properties and response of the fuse plate and spacers.Third, leaving the spacers integrally attached simplifies fabrication ofthe structural fuse. Fourth, leaving the spacers make it easier forconnection installation where the spacers cannot get lost or droppeddown and become a falling hazard.

It is understood that the present invention may be embodied in manydifferent forms and should not be construed as being limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully conveythe invention to those skilled in the art. Indeed, the invention isintended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents of theseembodiments, which are included within the scope and spirit of theinvention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in thefollowing detailed description of the present invention, numerousspecific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the present invention. However, it will be clear tothose of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may bepracticed without such specific details.

The terms “top” and “bottom,” “upper” and “lower” and “vertical” and“horizontal” as may be used herein are by way of example andillustrative purposes only, and are not meant to limit the descriptionof the invention inasmuch as the referenced item can be exchanged inposition and orientation. Also, as used herein, the terms“substantially” and/or “about” mean that the specified dimension orparameter may be varied within an acceptable manufacturing tolerance fora given application. In one embodiment, the acceptable manufacturingtolerance is ±0.25%.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of one embodiment for forming a structural fuseaccording to the present technology. A structural fuse is initiallytaken from a conventional structural steel component such as a beam 200,shown in FIG. 2. The beam 200 may have first and second flanges 202 and204, respectively, and a web 206 extending between the first and secondflanges. In one example, the flanges 202, 204 may have a thickness of 113/16 inches, though the thickness of the flanges may vary in furtherembodiments. In one example, the web 206 may have a thickness of 1 inch,¾ inch or ½ inch, though the thickness of the web may vary in furtherembodiments. The beam 200 may have a maximum width (between the exteriorsurfaces of flanges 202, 204) of 40 3/16 inches, though this width mayvary in further embodiments.

The flanges may be formed in a so-called standard structural W-shape,where interior surfaces 202 a, 204 a of the flanges 202 and 204 areorthogonal to the surfaces of the web 206 (FIG. 3). Alternatively, theflanges may be formed in a so-called S-section, where the interiorsurfaces 202 a, 204 a form an angle greater than 90° with the surfacesof the web 206 (FIG. 4). Other configurations of beams are contemplated.As explained below, in one embodiment, the first and second flanges 202,204 form the fuse base and buckling restraint plate (BRP), respectively,in the finished structural fuse. The web 206 may form the fuse plate.However, it is conceivable that two or more of the fuse base, fuse plateand BRP not come from the same piece of steel.

In step 100, a section of the beam 200 is cut from the beam in adirection transverse to a length (L, FIG. 2). This section, referred toherein as blank 210, is indicated in FIG. 2 and is shown in FIG. 5.Blank 210 includes first flange 202, second flange 204 and web 206. Asshown in FIG. 5, the blank 210 may have a width, W, of 12 inches, butthis width may vary in further embodiments. The blank 210 may be cutfrom beam 200 by various methods including for example computer numericcontrol (CNC) plasma cutting. The PythonX robotic plasma cutting systemby Burlington Automation Corp. of Ontario Canada is one example of sucha cutting system. Other cutting methods such as by saw blade arepossible.

In step 102, a transverse cut is made adjacent to the second flange 204to separate the flange 204 from the web 206 as shown in FIG. 6. Asexplained below, the separated second flange 204 may be processed intothe BRP in the structural fuse. The transverse cut may be made by CNCplasma cutting, by a cutting blade or other cutting methods. At thispoint, the flange 202 forms a fuse base 212, and the web 206 forms afuse plate 216. In an alternative embodiment, the fuse base 212 and fuseplate 216 may be formed from two different pieces of steel, which arejoined together for example by welding.

In step 110, bolt holes may be formed in the fuse base 212 and the fuseplate 216. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, bolt holes 220 may be formedin the fuse base 212 and bolt holes 222, 224 may be formed in fuse plate216. The particular arrangement of bolt holes in the fuse base and plateis by way of example, and the location and size of the holes may vary inalternative embodiments. The holes 220, 222 and 224 may be formed byvarious methods including by the True Hole® hi-definition plasma cuttingsystem from Hypertherm, Inc. of New Hampshire, USA. The holes 220, 222and 224 may be formed by other methods including drilling in furtherembodiments.

In step 114, the fuse plate 216 is milled. This step provides twofeatures within the structural fuse. First, the milling defines areduced-diameter section, referred to herein as the yield section 218.Second, the milling defines spacers 230 to the sides of the yieldsection 218. These features result in the structural fuse 240 shown inFIG. 8. These features are described in greater detail below.

Using for example CNC plasma cutting, a multi-dimensional channel cut232 is made in both sides of the fuse plate 216, symmetrical about acenterline 234. Each channel cut 232 includes an inlet gap 232 a milledin from the sides 228 of the fuse plate 216 transversely toward acenterline 234 of the fuse plate 216, and a slit 232 b continuing frominlet gap 232 a parallel to the centerline 234. The slit 232 b ends in achannel hole 232 c. The pair of multi-dimensional channel cuts definethe reduced-diameter yield section 218 (shown in cross-hatch in FIG. 8).As is known in the art, given the reduced diameter of yield section 218,yielding of the structural fuse occurs within and along the yieldsection 218 upon tensile and/or compressive loads above some predefinedthreshold.

In accordance with aspects of the present technology, themulti-dimensional channel cuts 232 also define spacers 238 adjacent tothe yield section 218, on both sides of the yield section 218. Thespacers 238 are physically detached from the yield section 218 (by cut232), but remain affixed to the fuse plate 216, for example at lands242. The integral spacers 238 serve to evenly distribute loads exertedby the BRP as explained below.

The yield section 218 may divide the fuse plate 216 into three separatesections: a proximal section 244 adjacent the fuse base 212, the yieldsection 218, and a distal section 245 (including bolt holes 222) on theopposite side of the yield section 218 from the proximal section 244.The spacers 238 also include a proximal end 248 nearest the fuse base212, and a distal end 249 farthest from the fuse base 212. In theembodiment shown in FIG. 8, the lands 242 are provided at the distal end249 of the spacers 238, either in the proximal section 244, or in theyield section 218 adjacent the proximal section 244. However, asexplained below, the lands 242 connecting the spacers 238 to the fuseplate 212 may be in other locations in further embodiments.

FIG. 9 shows a top view of the structural fuse 140 and fuse plate 216including some sample dimensions. In one example, the dimension “a” maybe 5 inches, “b” may be 12 inches, “c” may be 6 inches, “d” may be 2.5inches, “e” may be 2 inches, “f” may be ¼ inch, “g” may be 1 inch, “h”may be 1 inch, “i” maybe 1 inch, “j” might be 8 inches, “k” may be 2.5inches, “1” may be 3 inches and “m” might be 1 inch. The dimension “e”is selected to be large enough so that, upon compression of the yieldsection, the spacers 238 to not contact the proximal section 244 of thefuse plate 216. The dimension “f” is selected to be large enough sothat, upon lateral expansion of the yield section (along dimension “c”),the spacers 238 do not contact the yield section 218 of the fuse plate216. Conversely, the dimension “f” is selected to be small enough sothat, upon lateral shrinking of the yield section per Poisson's ratio,the spacers remain near to the yield section 218.

It is understood that each of the above dimensions is by way of exampleonly and each may vary, proportionately or disproportionately withrespect to each other, in further embodiments.

It is a feature of the present technology that the spacers 238 remainintegrally attached to the fuse plate 216 (at lands 242) upon formationof the reduced-diameter yield section 218. The lands 242 by which thespacers 238 remain attached are positioned at the distal ends 249 ofspacers 238 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8. As noted, the lands 242may be positioned at other locations in further embodiments. Forexample, FIG. 10 shows an example where the lands 242 are located at theproximal ends 248 of spacers 238. FIG. 11 shows a further example wherethe lands 242 are positioned at a mid-section of each spacer 238,between the proximal and distal ends 248, 249. In FIG. 11, the lands 242are centered along the length of the yield section 218, though the lands242 need not be centered in further examples.

The size of the channel hole 232 c defines the width of lands 242(orthogonal to the side edges 228). The lands 242 may have a larger orsmaller width depending upon the size of channel holes 232 c. In furtherembodiments, the channel holes 232 c may be omitted entirely, so thatthe channel cut 232 ends at slit 232 b (or that the channel holes 232 chave the same diameter as a width of the slits 232 b). In such anembodiment, the lands 242 would be the full width of spacers 238.

After formation of the structural fuse 240, all parts may be cleaned andpainted or powder coated, for example with PMS172 orange, in step 120.Step 120 may include blasting the structural fuse 240 to remove any slagfrom plasma or other elevated temperature cutting processes. It may alsoremove scale which may result from the rolling fabrication process ofthe beam 200. The cleaning step 120 may also remove any rust from thestructural fuse 240.

It is understood that a number of the above-described steps may beperformed in a different order. For example, it is understood that thesequence of steps including the transverse cut (step 102), the formationof the bolt holes (step 110), and the milling of the channel cut (step114) maybe performed in any order in further embodiments.

In step 122, the BRP 246 (FIG. 13) may be formed. As noted above, inembodiments, the BRP 246 may be formed from the second flange 204 cutaway from the structural fuse 240 in step 102. In such embodiments,after separation from the beam 200, the BRP 246 may be milled to removeany remnants of the web 206 to form the BRP into a planar plate. The BRPmay be formed from steel that was not initially part of beam 200 infurther embodiments. In any case, the BRP may be milled or otherwiseprocessed to provide a planar plate, and bolt holes may then be formedin the BRP to affix the BRP to a beam over the fuse plate 212 asexplained below. After the BRP 246 is formed, it may be cleaned, paintedand/or powder coated as explained above.

FIG. 12 shows a beam 250 connected to the column 252 by a pair ofstructural fuse assemblies 300 according to the present technology. Eachstructural fuse assembly 300 includes a structural fuse 240 and a BRP246. FIG. 13 illustrates an exploded perspective view of a structuralfuse assembly 300 used in the connection of FIG. 12. As shown in FIG.12, a structural connection, such as the connection of beam 250 tocolumn 252, may include a pair of structural fuse assemblies 300, one atthe top of the beam and one at the bottom. In operation, the pair ofstructural fuse assemblies 300 operate in tandem to oppose rotation ofthe beam relative to the column under a lateral load. Attempted rotationin a first direction will place the first of the assemblies 300 intension and the second assembly 300 in compression. Attempted rotationin the opposite direction will place the second assembly 300 in tensionand the first assembly 300 in compression.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, each structural fuse assembly 300 includesa structural fuse 240 having a column-mounted fuse base 212 and abeam-mounted fuse plate 216. As noted above, the fuse plate 216 includesproximal section 244, yield section 218 and distal section 245. Inembodiments, the structural fuse assembly 300 further includes the BRP246 and the pair of spacers 238.

In order to affix a structural fuse assembly 300 between a beam 250 andcolumn 252, the fuse base 212 may initially be affixed to the column252, either at the jobsite or remote from the jobsite. As noted above,the fuse base 212 may include bolt holes 220 (FIG. 13) for receivingbolts 310 (one of which is shown in FIG. 13) to bolt the fuse base 212to the column. While four bolt holes 220 are indicated (two above fuseplate 216 and two below), there may be more or less bolt holes 220 infurther embodiments. While bolts may be preferable, it is contemplatedthat the fuse base 212 may alternatively or additionally be affixed tothe column 252 by welding or gluing.

Thereafter, at the jobsite, the beam-mounted fuse yield plate 216 may bebolted to the beam 250 via a plurality of bolts 312 (one of which isshown in FIG. 13) through bolt holes 222. While the figures show sixbolts holes 222, there may be more or less than that in furtherembodiments. At this point, the structural fuse 240 is affixed to boththe beam 250 and column 252. The beam and column may also be attached toeach other by a shear tab 320 (FIG. 12). Shear tab 320 may be affixed tothe column 252 as by welding, gluing or bolting to a flange of column252 and to the web of beam 250 as by bolts 322. In further embodiments,the fuse plate 216 may initially be mounted to a beam 250, at thejobsite or remotely, and thereafter, the fuse base 212 may be affixed toa column 252 at the jobsite.

The BRP 246 may next be affixed to beam 250 over the reduced-diameteryield section 218 of the fuse plate 216. As seen for example in FIG. 13,a number of bolts 314 (only two shown) fit through bolt holes 226 in BRP246, through holes 224 formed in the integrated spacers 238, and intoholes formed in a flange of the beam 250, where the bolts may receive anut to fasten the bolts in place. The spacers 238 take up at least asubstantial portion of the spaces on either side of yield section 218.It is important that the spacers 238 have the same thickness as the fuseplate 216 to tight tolerances, such as for example to within 0.125inches. As the spacers 238 are integrally formed from the fuse plate216, in accordance with the present technology, and are in fact neverseparated from fuse plate 216, the yield plate and spacers may have thesame thickness to within the desired tolerances.

The respective structural fuse assemblies 300 shown in FIG. 12 providehigh initial stiffness and tensile resistance to relative movementbetween structural members such as the beam 250 and column 252 underlateral loads, but provides stable yielding and energy dissipation underlateral loads above a predictable, controlled and predefined level. Inparticular, the bending strength of the column and beam could bedesigned to exceed the moment capacity of the pair of structural fuseassemblies 300, and in particular, the narrow width areas of the yieldsections 218. Thus, the fuse plates 216 yield under lateral loads beforeyielding or failure of the column or beam, and any damage is limited tothe fuse assemblies 300 which may be easily removed and replaced. TheBRPs 246 prevent buckling of the structural fuse plates 216 under acompressive load. The shear tab 320 is provided to oppose vertical shear(i.e., along the length of column 252) under a vertical load.

It is understood that the components of the structural fuse assembly 300may have different dimensions within the scope of the presenttechnology. However, the following are examples of some dimensions. Thefuse base 212 may have a length of 12 inches, and a width of 10 inches.The fuse plate 216 may extend from the fuse base 212 halfway along thewidth of the fuse base. To the extent the final width of the fuse base212 differs from the width of the beam 200 from which the fuse basecomes, unused portions of the beam 200 above and below the width of thefuse base 212 may be cut and discarded, for example by CNC plasmacutting.

The fuse plate 216 may have a width of 12 inches and a length of 36inches. As noted above, the yield section 218 may be spaced 6 inchesfrom the fuse base, and may have a length of 12 inches and a width of 6inches. The BRP 246 may have a length and width of 12 inches. Asmentioned, each of the above dimensions may vary, proportionately anddisproportionately with each other, in further embodiments of thetechnology.

In fabrication, multiple blanks 210 (FIG. 2) may be cut from a length ofbeam 200. In embodiments, structural fuse assemblies 300 from blanks 210taken from anywhere on a beam may be used as the top and bottomassemblies 300 shown in FIG. 12. However, in further embodiments,components from two adjacent blanks may be used in two structural fuseassemblies 300 that are used together at the same connection. Forexample, the pair of structural fuse assemblies 300 shown at thebeam/column connection in FIG. 12 may come from blanks that wereadjacent to each other on the beam 200. This ensures that the structuralfuse assemblies 300 at the top and bottom of a beam/column connectionhave the same characteristics and exhibit the same stress responses.

As noted above, when steel is heated to at least a predefinedtemperature, crystals in the steel can align in the same direction togive the steel a grain. Given that the spacers 238 come from the sameblank as fuse plate 216, it is a further advantage of the presenttechnology that the grain of components used in the structural fuse 140may be aligned with each other. This advantageously ensures that theproperties of the spacers, and the response to stresses by the spacers,will be the same as that of the fuse plate 216.

The foregoing detailed description of the invention has been presentedfor purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Manymodifications and variations are possible in light of the aboveteaching. The described embodiments were chosen in order to best explainthe principles of the invention and its practical application to therebyenable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention invarious embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of theinvention be defined by the claims appended hereto.

What is claimed is:
 1. A structural fuse for use in affixing first andsecond structural members to each other, the structural fuse comprising:a fuse base configured to be affixed to the first structural member; afuse plate configured to be affixed to the second structural member, thefuse plate comprising: a proximal section at a first end of the fuseplate adjacent the fuse base, a distal section at a second end of thefuse plate opposite the first end, and a yield section between theproximal and distal sections, the yield section having first and secondedges defining a reduced width relative to a width between edges of theproximal and distal sections, and the yield section configured to yield;and first and second spacers integrally attached to the fuse plate, thefirst spacer positioned adjacent the first edge of the yield section,and the second spacer positioned adjacent the second edge of the yieldsection; wherein the first and second spacers are defined by respectivechannels formed in the fuse plate, each channel forming a land whereeach spacer remains affixed to the fuse plate.
 2. The structural fuse ofclaim 1, wherein the first and second spacers each comprise proximal anddistal ends, and wherein the first and second spacers are integrallyattached to the fuse plate at the distal ends of the spacers.
 3. Thestructural fuse of claim 1, wherein the first and second spacers eachcomprise proximal and distal ends, and wherein the first and secondspacers are integrally attached to the fuse plate at the proximal endsof the spacers.
 4. The structural fuse of claim 1, wherein the first andsecond spacers each comprise proximal and distal ends, and wherein thefirst and second spacers are integrally attached to the fuse platebetween the proximal and distal ends of the spacers.
 5. The structuralfuse of claim 1, wherein each channel includes a channel hole defining asize of each land.
 6. The structural fuse of claim 5, wherein eachchannel cut includes a slit defining a width of each spacer.
 7. Thestructural fuse of claim 6, wherein the channel hole has a largerdiameter than a width of the slit.
 8. The structural fuse of claim 6,wherein the channel hole has a diameter equal to a width of the slit. 9.The structural fuse of claim 1, wherein each channel includes an inletgap cut transversely into opposed edges of the fuse plate.
 10. Thestructural fuse of claim 9, wherein a width of the inlet gap, parallelto the edges of the fuse plate, is larger than an amount by which theyield section shrinks under compressive loads.
 11. The structural fuseof claim 9, wherein each channel cut further comprises a slit, extendingfrom the inlet gap, parallel to the edges of the fuse plate.
 12. Thestructural fuse of claim 11, wherein a length of each inlet gap,transverse to the edges of the fuse plate, and a width of each slit,define a width of each spacer.
 13. The structural fuse of claim 11,wherein each slit ends in a channel hole defining a size of each land.14. The structural fuse of claim 1, wherein the fuse base and fuse plateare integrally formed with each other.
 15. A structural fuse assemblyfor use in affixing first and second structural members to each other,the structural fuse comprising: a fuse base configured to be affixed tothe first structural member; a fuse plate configured to be affixed tothe second structural member, the fuse plate comprising: a proximalsection at a first end of the fuse plate adjacent the fuse base, adistal section at a second end of the fuse plate opposite the first end,and a yield section between the proximal and distal sections, the yieldsection having first and second edges defining a reduced width relativeto a width between edges of the proximal and distal sections, and theyield section configured to yield; first and second spacers integrallyattached to the fuse plate, the first spacer positioned adjacent thefirst edge of the yield section, and the second spacer positionedadjacent the second edge of the yield section, wherein each of the firstand second spacers comprising a set of one or more holes; a bucklingrestraint plate configured to cover the yield section and sandwich theyield section between the buckling restraint plate and second structuralmember to resist buckling of the yield section, wherein fasteners extendthrough the buckling restraint plate, through the one or more holes inthe first and second spacers and into the second structural member;wherein the first and second spacers are defined by respective channelsformed in the fuse plate, each channel forming a land where each spacerremains affixed to the fuse plate.
 16. The structural fuse of claim 15,wherein the first and second spacers each comprise proximal and distalends, and wherein the first and second spacers are integrally attachedto the fuse plate at the distal ends of the spacers.
 17. The structuralfuse of claim 15, wherein the first and second spacers each compriseproximal and distal ends, and wherein the first and second spacers areintegrally attached to the fuse plate at the proximal ends of thespacers.
 18. The structural fuse of claim 15, wherein the first andsecond spacers each comprise proximal and distal ends, and wherein thefirst and second spacers are integrally attached to the fuse platebetween the proximal and distal ends of the spacers.
 19. The structuralfuse of claim 15, wherein each channel includes a channel hole defininga size of each land.
 20. The structural fuse of claim 19, wherein eachchannel cut includes a slit defining a width of each spacer.
 21. Thestructural fuse of claim 20, wherein the channel hole has a largerdiameter than a width of the slit.
 22. The structural fuse of claim 20,wherein the channel hole has a diameter equal to a width of the slit.23. The structural fuse of claim 15, wherein each channel includes aninlet gap cut transversely into opposed edges of the fuse plate.
 24. Thestructural fuse of claim 23, wherein a width of the inlet gap, parallelto the edges of the fuse plate, is larger than an amount by which theyield section shrinks under compressive loads.
 25. The structural fuseof claim 23, wherein each channel further comprises a slit, extendingfrom the inlet gap, parallel to the edges of the fuse plate.
 26. Thestructural fuse of claim 25, wherein a length of each inlet gap,transverse to the edges of the fuse plate, and a width of each slit,define a width of each spacer.
 27. The structural fuse of claim 25,wherein each slit ends in a channel hole defining a size of each land.